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Points from the literature No 15 MARCH 2008 (current)

last updated 29 May 2008

References 876 - 1059

The references are grouped according to their subject matter as follows;

  1. legal
  2. social and cultural
  3. historical
  4. conservation, sustainability and organic practices
  5. conventional cultivation techniques
  6. nutrition
  7. pests and diseases
  8. marketing
  9. varieties and genetic / breeding topics
  10. identification
  11. politics
  12. books
  13. miscellaneous

If you have difficulty in obtaining any of these references, contact Simon Clark
NB quoting the reference number,
at;
49 Gledhow Wood Avenue,
Leeds LS81NX
Yorkshire
Tel; 0113 266 3235 (with answer phone)
E-mail simonclark49@gmail.com

Apologies for the occasional repeats/duplications.


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  1. LEGAL

    908. Integrated Fruit Production

    A European scheme for environmentally friendly safe food is gaining wide support
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 December/January 2008 pp12-15

    909. Problems with the Pink Lady brand

    Some growers object to the legal costs of protecting the name with Cripp's Pink in the wings.
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp19-20

    910. More trouble with the Pink Lady brand and the Cripp's Pink name

    Owners of the Pink Lady trademark want to prevent use of the word "pink" for other apples, whilst Cripp's Pink is an unpopular name with retailers with its disability implications!
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007



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  3. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

    1009. Sustainability examined

    A detailed and profound discussion of the concept and what it really means.
    Australian Planner 44 3 2007

    1008. The family farm survives change to live on

    Guy Evans returns to an almost failed family farm from electronic engineering and has turned it round into a substantial success story.
    Good Fruit Grower November 2007 pp14-15

    1007. Sustainability what does it mean?

    Warren Morgan a fruit grower in Washington State has some thoughts about the concept
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 p42-43

    1005. Boom time for Cider

    Why not make your own? This helpful article points the way
    Country Life September 13 2007 pp152-153

    1006. A practicable way to reduce the risk of obesity in school children

    In an Australian experiment reduced intake of sweetened drinks, increased intake of fruit and vegetables and increased exercise were successful in reducing weight gain.
    Am J Clin Nutr 86 2007 pp735 -742

    985b. Diet and impoverishment

    An Irish investigation looked at attitudes of mind that governed food choices and preferences
    Proc Nutr Soc of London 66 2007 p98A

    907. Pears in Portugal

    An interesting account of commercial pear production in Portugal. The native variety "Rocha" is discussed concerning its potential in other countries.
    Good Fruit Grower September 2007 p22

    906. Its boom time for cider

    An in the round account of Gaymer's successful operation now based in Somerset. Many of the ciders produced are described and assessed and there is a detailed recipe for making "scrumpy".
    The Field October 2007 pp100-103

    905. A doom laden scenario put to rest; or has it?

    The end of the family farm and "traditional" agriculture said agricultural economist Steven Black about 10 years ago but American agriculture is likely to survive says a now more optimistic Steve Black by virtue of technology and innovation
    Good Fruit Grower January 1 2008 pp10-11

    886. Yet another lyrical account of cider/perry production

    An interesting account of the ways of perry production on a Herefordshire farm
    Guardian weekend magazine section March 1 2008



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  5. HISTORICAL

    876. Its not all apples!

    A fascinating account of the Mediterranean fruits Dates, Figs, Pomegranates and Olives their history and current usage and cultivation.
    Hortscience 42 5 2007 pp1070-1100


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  7. CONSERVATION/SUSTAINABILITY/ORGANIC PRACTICES

    1058. Compost use on a sandy soil

    Composted municipal waste applied to apples in an Egyptian study enhanced growth, fruit yield and nutrient levels of leaves and fruits. Heavy metal contents were well below the international standards for toxicity.
    Bull Fac Agric Cairo Univ 58 2007 pp198-206

    893. A colloquium on organic fruit production

    A wide ranging assemblage of topics on many aspects of organic fruit production.
    HortScience 43 1 February 2008 Colloquium pp5-

    970. Attract them with catnip

    An extract of catnip lures male lacewings onto farms thereby enhancing lacewing's beneficial predatory activities.
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008 p26

    969. The greening of a winery

    The Mendocino Wine Company has reduced both its fuel costs and its carbon footprint
    Good Fruit Grower 1 February 2008 pp8-9

    968. Bio diesel :pros and cons

    Jim Baird discusses practical points and the broader ethical aspects including the food v fuel controversy.
    Good Fruit Grower February 2008 p10

    967. Pork and apple sauce on the hoof

    Pigs grazing in orchards meant less plum curculio as they ate virtually all the windfalls in which the curculio larvae were. The market appeal/consumer appeal for apple fed pork is being evaluated!
    Good Fruit Grower February 1 2008 pp12-13

    966. Benefits of mulching

    Paper mulches on Golden Delicious apples reduced harmful root damaging nematodes but also levels of available P. However leaf P was not reduced, suggesting that some (unknown) factor was allowing for adequate P uptake.
    Applied Soil Ecology 39 2008 pp15-22.

    965. Machine made compost

    E. Pfeiffer discusses new machinery for large scale composting
    Bio dynamics Spring 2007 pp20-23

    951. Don't take all in the organic movement at face value.

    For example Jegg Gillman looks at possible toxic effects of some "true blue" acceptable compounds.
    Timber Press; mailto:newsletter@timberpress.com

    950. How blemished must they be before no one wants to buy them?

    Consumers wanting organically grown produce will tolerate low amounts of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck.
    HortScience 42 6 October 2007 pp1366-1371

    949. Post harvest challenges for the organic grower.

    Not only is the replacement of conventional chemical compounds by "natural" ones an acquired expertise but also alterations in the orchard environment may affect the storage properties of the fruit.
    HortScience 43 1 February 2008 pp35-

    948. Control of Powdery mildew in organic orchards

    One way is of course to grow resistant varieties. Pruning both summer and winter reduce the incidence.
    Novenyvedelem 43 6 2007 pp252-

    947. A holistic approach to managing traditional orchards

    A detailed account of the characteristics of traditional orchards, how to manage them and what they have to offer.
    Conservation Land Management Autumn 2007 pp8-11

    946. Organics; a rising tide

    Phil Unterschuetz discusses the development of his successful organic supply business.
    Good Fruit Grower November 2007 pp12-13

    945. No organic way as yet to control Rosy Apple aphid

    The problem is discussed but no effective method of control has apparently yet been devised.
    Environ.Entomol. 36 5 pp1131-1139

    944. How to control Bronze Beetle in organic orchards

    Frequent cultivation in spring, (every two weeks), prevents up to 80% of the beetle population from emerging.
    New Zealand Plant Protection 60 1 2007 pp1-6

    943. The beneficial effects of mulching again

    Mulches enhanced soil and tree nutrient levels. Of the various treatments, black polythene, to be expected, resulted in the highest soil temperatures and the highest soil moisture content
    Progressive Horticulture 38 1 2006 pp91-95

    942. Organic interests to be catered for in the new (American) Farm Bill

    The Organic Trade Association (OTA )has produced a plan that incorporates four priorities i.e. fostering conversion, eliminating hurdles, funding and initiating research, maintaining and enhancing the strength of current agency programs
    American/Western Fruit Grower August 207 pp22-24.

    941. Mulching options in the semiarid Pacific NW.

    Living and dead mulches control weeds, conserve water, provide N and improve tree growth. However they increase rodent pests and provide unwanted late season N.
    HortScience 43 1 February 2008 pp45-

    878. Opportunities for organically grown apples

    A colloquium on this topic examined the positive aspects of a burgeoning market demand and the negative side; how to grapple organically with pests and diseases.
    Hortscience 43 1 February 2008 pp6- on

    879. What is biodynamic agriculture?

    This review article presents a concise and clear overview.
    Bio dynamics summer/fall 2007. p27- on


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  9. CONVENTIONAL CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES

    1060. Response to partial drying conditions

    Partially withholding irrigation water enhanced firmness and keeping qualities of Pacific Rose apples in a New Zealand study.
    Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment 5 3&4 200 pp173-178

    1057. What is the optimum orchard today?

    A number of growers chance their arm to tell us .
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008 pp12-13

    1056. There is nothing like the personal touch.

    Many American growers still prefer hand picking as this avoids the high damage rate of mechanised pickers
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008 pp18-19

    1055. MCP has its uses but can't work miracles

    Firmness is retained but other attributes of fruit quality are not beneficially affected.
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008pp 24-25

    1054. Types of pollination

    Self v cross pollination was investigated in an Indian study involving 10 varieties.
    Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 77 8 2007 pp 509-511

    1053. How much should be up to the nursery?

    The practise of growers buying "premaidens" stocks grafted and sold before the first season's growth is discussed.
    Good Fruit Grower September 2007 p9

    1052. Thinning of blossom and/or fruits needed to keep "Honeycrisp" "on track"

    Thinning to 150 blossoms per tree and 9 fruits/cm2 trunk cross sectional area(TCSA) did the trick in a Canadian study
    HortScience 42 7 2007 pp1622-1625

    940. Prohexadione –calcium enhances fruit set

    However thinning of fruit produced by this treatment was less easy than when ProCa had not been used.
    HortScience 42 6 2007 pp1365-2007

    939. Autumn is the time to apply beneficial Potassium.

    David Eddy discusses the whys and wherefores
    American/Western Fruit Grower September/October 2007 pp12-13

    938. Gibberelic acid as a maturity accelerator.

    It does so with Honeycrisp but not Cameo.
    Hortechnology 18 1 January-March 2008

    937. How responsive to water stress is Pink Lady?

    A number of physiological parameters were monitored during periods of induced water stress with water supplied at different positions around the trees.
    Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58 2007 pp1068-1076

    936. A history of high density pear production

    The use of various rootstocks and a country by country account of the development of methods of production makes for an interesting paper.
    Washington State Horticultural Association; Proceedings of the 102ndAnnual Meeting pp188-

    935. All about Plant Protection

    XVI International Plant Protection Congress
    15-18 October 2007 Scottish Exhibition & Conference Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, UK

    932. Chemical thinning desirable as a labour saver and enhancer of fruit quality.

    The effectiveness of lime sulphur compounds is discussed
    Journal of the American Pomological Society 61 4 2007 pp167-169

    931. Retarding ripening in Golden Delicious apples with 1-MCP.

    The effects of method of application on a range of ripening processes were investigated
    HortScience 42 7 2007 pp1651-1655

    930. A chemical alternative to Methyl Bromide as a soil fumigant.

    Methyl iodide appears the answer but not for treating fruit for storage. Here (see 929 below) a non chemical technique is showing promise
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp30-31

    929. A non chemical alternative to Methyl Bromide for apple storage.

    A non chemical technique involving controlling humidity and temperature during storage may be the answer although government plant health inspectorates need convincing and commercial viability has yet to be demonstrated.
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007

    928. The complexities of pest control

    Codling moth development of resistance to granulovirus is causing problems, especially in organically run orchards. Currently, the only countermeasure, is to "ring the changes" with other products.
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp14-15

    927. Blossom and fruit thinning of Honeycrisp "paid off"

    A tendency for biennial bearing in Honeycrisp was nullified in an orchard of trees on M26, by thinning blossoms to 50-100 blossoms per tree and 3-6 fruits per cm2 trunk cross sectional area
    HortScience 42 7 2007 pp1622-1625

    934. More on the effects of hail nets

    Colour of net and canopy position affected photosynthesis and fruit colour.
    Journal of the American Pomological Society 61 4 2007 pp 174-178

    933. Yet more on hail nets

    Again reflective mulches enhance fruit colour and increase the proportion of "Class 1" fruit.
    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 87 2007 pp2625-2637.

    926. Hail nets depending where you are; a necessary evil

    Partial shading/spectral composition effects of the net can be offset by reflective foil at ground level. An investigation in Slovenia suggested that the anthocyanin content of Fuji apples was increased in protected orchards.
    Scientia Horticulturae 115 2007 pp40-46

    925. Are you worried about Mospilan residues?

    Chinese research indicates that used at 0.1-0.2g/l, a 21day interval between application and harvesting reduces residues to safe levels
    Agrochemicals 46 10 October 2007

    924. Pre harvest spray to improve storage properties of apples

    1-methylcyclopropene may do just that.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 6 pp13-14


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  11. NUTRITION

    911. Nutritional effects of mulching

    A detailed Canadian investigation of the nutritional effects on apples of a range of materials including paper mulch.
    Can J Plant Sci. 87 2007 pp551-558


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  13. PESTS AND DISEASES

    1028. Resistance to Pear Scab (Venturia pyrina) investigated at the molecular level.

    This Italian investigation suggested the involvement of two major genes in scab resistance
    Tree Genetics and Genomes 3 2007 pp311-317

    1027. Injury-non injury organic-non organic in relation to Brown rot (Monilinia fructigena)

    In a Hungarian investigation there was a higher incidence of injury and more brown rot in the organic compared with the integrated orchard but the reasons were not simply related to the organic versus integrated situation.
    Phytopathology 98 2008 pp79-86

    1026. Post harvest decay in pears; recent advances in control

    Oregon University has investigated the problem using various pre and post harvest treatments.
    Washington Horticultural Association Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting.p128-

    1025. Barriers to Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholitha molesta)

    Hedges are useful partial barriers to entry and in combination with a suitable IPM program provide protection.
    Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22 3 2007 pp181-188

    1024. Lady birds change their feeding habits in response to insecticides

    Insecticides particularly pyrethroids reduced aphid consumption
    Bio control Science and Technology 17 10 2007 pp983-994

    1023. XVI International Plant Protection Congress Vol 2

    New challenges; new compounds A "state of the art" round up.
    15-18 October 2007 Scottish Exhibition & Conference centre Glasgow. Vols 1 and 2 From; British Crop Protection Council 7Omni Business Centre Omega Park Alton Hants. GU34 2QD

    1022. Treatments for powdery mildew in apples

    In a Polish study, various compounds were tried. These reduced mildew incidence and increased fruit yield whilst fruit attributes were not affected.
    Agriculture (Polnohospodarstvo) 53 3 2007 pp124-131

    1021. More on apple scab

    The use of potassium bicarbonate as a control is discussed including the trade compound "Armicarb "which contains surfactants.
    Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 114 5 2007 pp221-227

    1020. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) An Indian Perspective.

    A detailed, informative review of how IPM is "doing" in India, Still some way to go.
    Progressive Horticulture 38 1 2006 pp1-14

    1019. The apple leaf roller in India

    Morphology and life cycle were studied and the damage due to the feeding habits of the different stages of the larvae were noted.
    Indian Journal of Entomology 67 4 2005 289-290

    1018. A fourth Herts. UK record of the Apple Pith moth (Blastodacna atra)


    Entomologist's Record 119 25 2007 p212

    1017. Plant extracts versus apple scab

    Romanian work has isolated several plant extracts which give good control of scab
    Romanian Biotechnological Letters 12 4 2007 pp3295-3302

    1016. Problems with storage of washed apples

    Slightly damaged apples are significantly more liable to storage rots if the washing water is heavily contaminated with fungal spores (??obvious) than if the water is only slightly contaminated
    New Zealand Plant Protection 60 2007 pp7-14

    1015. Kaolin can control pests?

    A Canadian study in apple orchards showed that the proportions of a number of insect pests and their predators were changed by the application of kaolin but that others were unaltered.
    J. Appl Entomol 131 7 2007 pp478-485

    1014. For those who are interested in allelopathy

    A number of articles discuss various aspects of the phenomenon
    Pest Management Science 63 4 2007

    1013. Control of bitter pit

    A S. African Study investigated the effect of timing of the application of Ca to reduce the severity of the disorder in Golden Delicious apples
    Journal of Plant Nutrition 30 3 March 2007 pp471-485

    1012. Possible ripple effects?

    A study of the possible effects on other organisms of a yeast bio control agent for apple powdery mildew showed that there were no effects nor were there on fruit quality.
    Biocontrol Science and Technology 18 2 2008 pp121-138

    1011. Pesticides in drinking water

    A Polish study suggests that there is an urgent need to monitor drinking water from mains and wells in areas of intensive agriculture as some residues for example organophosphates are present.
    Ann Agric Environ Med 14 2007 pp109-114

    1010. The latest products for weed control

    These are listed
    American/Western Fruit Grower January 2008 p16

    964. Look at the feet stupid!

    Pesticide residues occur on the feet of birds as well as elsewhere hence claws have to be checked for correct assessment of exposure.
    Environ Monit Assess 133 2007 pp209-214

    962. Come into the fold?

    Microbial control of pests could have a place in Integrated Pest Management Schemes (IPM)
    Ann Rev. Entomology 53 2008 pp121-144

    963. Phosmet affects solitary bees.

    Care needed in Capitol Reef National Park where antique apple cultivars brought there by the Mormons in 1880 occur along with many rare wild species. Some species of solitary bee are harmed by Phosmet.
    Environ Entomol 36 4 2007 pp811-816

    961. Interaction between scab resistance and management systems in apples

    Twenty seven apple cultivars were classified as to their scab resistance in conventional and organic orchards
    Can J Plant Pathol 29 2007 pp251-260

    960. Two for the price of one

    Spanish work has shown that scab resistant apple cultivars are less susceptible to damage from rosy apple aphid than are non scab resistant varieties.
    Crop Protection 27 2008 pp391- 395

    885. The case for pesticides

    A comprehensive review of the overall benefits of pesticides both to mankind and the environment, in which the "case for" is cogently argued. "Required reading"
    Crop Protection 26 2007 pp1337-1348

    881. A micro morphological explanation of susceptibility to fire blight.

    Careful work in the unfashionable field of morphology has its reward. The surface characteristics of nectaries affect susceptibility.
    Current Science 92 9 10 May 2007 pp1286-

    882. The virtues and vices of Kaolin film as a suppressor of apple pests

    Multiple applications of a kaolin film suppressed a wide range of pests but woolly aphid and several other pests were promoted
    Appl. Entomol 132 2008 pp26-35


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  15. MARKETING

    1040. More on the Cripp's Pink-Pink Lady saga

    Washington Pink is also thrown into the ring. Marketing wizards should be aware of the confusion they can cause with maybe only the lawyers the winners!
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp20-21 ,

    1000. A bruising problem

    Geraldine Warner investigates ways to alleviate the problem including monitoring pickers' methods
    Good Fruit Grower October 2007 pp16-17

    1001. How to judge maturity

    Degree days not the best indicator. Other methods are assessed
    Good Fruit Grower October 2007 P32-33

    922. Females beware!

    Heineken is targeting female drinkers with a new beer- cider hybrid called "Charli".
    Brewer's Guardian October 2007 p6

    921. A non chemical method for preventing scald developing in stored apples?

    Resistance by some European retailers to chemical treatment for the disorder has prompted the research.
    Good Fruit Grower October 207 pp22-23

    920. Aspall expands

    All set to double its size over the next five years because of increasing demand for its premium products
    just-drinks.com daily

    919. Current trend in varieties on offer to the consumer in the UK.

    "Fresh from freshinfo" have produced an informative 68 page apple supplement on varieties on offer in the UK .It also reviews world trends country by country. £23 from; freshinfo.com.
    Fresh on Freshinfo October 07: Apple Supplement

    918. Lenticels can cause problems

    Gala is especially susceptible to lenticel breakdown Washington State University is investigating the reason Currently there appears to be a trade off between harvesting at maximum maturity i.e. maximum red colour and decreased liability when harvested at an earlier stage.
    Good Fruit Grower November 20 pp38-39./

    917. An allergy free apple; Santana

    Not only a boon for allergy sufferers, Dutch bred Santana is a gift for organic growers as it is scab resistant
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp16-17

    916. Cider for all the Rosies

    A cider laced with Blackberry liqueur,"Perronelle's Blush" is aimed by Aspinall's at women
    http://www.thepublican.com/story.asp?storycode=55035

    915. Colour grading of apples; more work needed

    A photographic method was developed that did well for "Extra" and "Reject" but not for Class 1 and Class II.
    Pattern Recognition Letters 28 2007 pp2046-2053

    914. Weaver's Orchard A long term success story of a third generation family farm evolving to meet changes

    First an orchard then an added involvement in farmer's markets, currently orchard, pick your own and farm shop
    American/Western Fruit Grower August 2007 pp16-17

    913. 12 steps to marketing organic produce

    Jane Sooby lists 12 steps to successful selling in the organic sector.
    American/Western Fruit Grower August 207 p26

    912. Logos are a must

    Says Eric Barrett of Ohio State University. They enable products to be differentiated and as a "brand name" give the consumer confidence in the product. However NB a logo is only the start of a marketing operation.
    American /Western Fruit Grower August 2007 p14

    904. Imports into USA of apple concentrate from China are rising as is the price.

    The trends are fuelled by a shortage of juicing apples in USA.
    Good Fruit Grower January 1 2008 pp8 -9

    903 The competitiveness stakes in the apple industry

    In decreasing order; Chile, New Zealand, Italy, France and USA. The article contains a most interesting table of rankings. The extent of exports relates to competitiveness, i.e. USA 14%, Chile, France, Italy and S.Africa 30-40% and New Zealand 63%.
    Good Fruit Grower January 1 2008 pp12-13

    902. The shadow of China

    There is a real threat to the US apple industry, largely because China's average wage in the industry is 30 cents/hr whilst in the states it is $ 9-10s/hr.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 11 November 2007 p9

    901. India. A growing market for apples

    Within the last 8 years India has become one of the USA's main markets.
    Good Fruit Grower September 2007 pp28 - 29

    900. Pears a modest success story

    The volume of pear exports from USA has decreased over the last few years but the value has increased. Mexico is the top market but Russia, Brazil and India are also important
    Good Fruit Grower September 2007 p25


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  17. VARIETIES AND GENETIC / BREEDING TOPICS

    1049. New pathways for pesticide development

    In this detailed and difficult review the use of chemical probes to "target" and all importantly measure the response of particular parts of the genome is discussed and evaluated for pesticide research
    Pest Management Science 63 2007 pp1165-1171

    1048. Searching for a dwarfing root stock

    Jane Turner of Oregon State University is involved in a program that is evaluating 400 rootstocks Amongst them, Horner 4 is showing promise but is probably too vigorous.
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 p21

    1047. The costs of phenotypic (non directly genetically based ) variability.

    Plasticity is of great importance in non domestic "wild" situations. What does it cost in terms of fitness? Not easy to assess according to this review. Given the huge plastic variability in (say) apple and pear cultivars these should be good subjects for assessing its costs.
    New Phytologist 176 2007 727-730

    1050. More on plasticity

    Research at the University of Minnesota suggests that there is a cost of plasticity and that difficulty in detecting the phenomenon could be first because genotypes in which it was costly have been "purged"/selected against and lost and secondly that experimental conditions may lack sufficient environmental stress to evoke a cost.
    New Phytologist 176 2007 pp874-882

    1046. Markers identified for black spot susceptibility in Japanese pears

    A useful technique for tracking susceptibility amongst progeny in breeding programs
    Genome 50 2007 pp735-741

    1045. Genetic diversity in a rare/threatened Japanese wild pear (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica)

    Molecular investigation using five SSR markers revealed a wide range of genetic diversity despite the rarity.
    Genet Resour Crop Evol 54 2007 pp1573-1585

    1044. Root stocks; which should I use?

    Geraldine Warner in an extremely helpful article takes us through the "pros and cons" of a range of popular and new/up and coming rootstocks.
    Good Fruit Grower October 2007 pp30-31

    1043. Untried and untested?

    New varieties need more thorough evaluation before being launched says Dr Bruce Barrett of Washington State University.
    Good Fruit Grower November 2007 p22

    1041. A Cornell University evaluation of 64 apple root stocks for performance and fire blight resistance.

    Three root stocks were superior to M9 on both counts
    HortScience 42 7 2007 pp1517-1525

    1042. Relationships between wild and cultivated Malus in China

    Using the AFLP technique genetic diversity and relationships were investigated in 24 crab cultivars and 23 wild Malus species. 22 of the 24 cultivars tested were closely related to the Malus species
    Acta Horticulturae Sinica 34 5 2007 pp1227-1234

    1039. "Sooyoung" A Korean pear assessed

    A high quality mid season dessert pear described in detail.
    Journal of the American Pomological Society 61 4 2007 pp170-173

    1038. The latest varieties of fruit described- to tempt you!


    American/Western Fruit Grower November/December 2007 pp23-39

    1037. Dethorning your root stocks

    A dethorning agent (acid succinamic 2,2-dimethylhydrazine) was tested on 11 root stock selections. Reduction of thorns varied depending on the root stock.
    Journal of Food Agriculture & environment 5 3&4 2007 pp228-230

    1036. Classification of native Iranian apples

    About 30 characters were used to differentiate 79 cultivars with potential for fresh consumption also assessed. The collection is being evaluated further.
    Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment 5 3&4 2007 pp211-215

    1035. Micro propagation of apples

    The technique successfully applied to Golden Delicious by Iranian workers
    Comm Appl Biol Sci Ghent University 72 1 2007 p235-

    1034. "Envy"; a high flier?

    This Royal Gala - Braeburn cross, New Zealand bred, is being groomed for stardom. The intention is to grow it in both north and south hemispheres for all year round availability.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 10 October 2007 p13

    1032. Which is the boss?

    In a study in apples involving different root stocks and varieties, apart from type of root stock affecting overall tree size, variety-root stock interactions meant that there was no consistent variety independent effect of rootstock.
    Scientia Horticulturae 114 4 p335-

    1033. Root stock effects on nutrient and water status.

    As expected, there were significant differences between varieties as to nutrient and water status. More unexpected was that rootstocks also affected nutrient and water status.
    Haryana J hortic Sci. 35 1&2 pp49-50

    1030. Symposium on all aspects of plum breeding and genetics

    9th International Symposium on Plum and Prune genetics breeding and Pomology Palermo Italy March 16-19 2008
    Under the auspices of The International Society for Horticultural Science

    1029. Variation and relationships in Malus in E. Asia

    The phylogeny and genetic diversity of Malus species were investigated using the ISSR markers
    Korean J Genetics 29 4 2007 pp465-472

    893. A colloquium on organic fruit production

    A wide ranging assemblage of topics on many aspects of organic fruit production.
    HortScience 43 1 February 2008 Colloquium pp5-

    892. Classification of historical Malus cultivars

    A Malus collection in the University of Warsaw botanical Gardens that includes 550 historical cultivars was classified. There was uncertainty as to the status of several of the Malus species.
    Zeszyty Problemowe Postepow Nauk Rolniczych 517 2007 pp167-172

    891. The genetic basis of scab resistance in apples

    Three commercially acceptable Lithuanian cultivars are scab resistant. A gene involve in the resistance has been identified.
    Acta Hort 769 2007 pp507-

    890. A collection of 286 German "heritage" apple cultivars are finger printed

    SSR fingerprinting successfully separated all the varieties. There were some misidentifications and several duplicates.
    Acta Hort 760 2007 p149-

    889. A collection of Irish apples are fingerprinted

    Many duplicates were revealed as were some genetically based relationships.
    Acta Hort 760 2007 pp117-

    888. Strawberry varieties from down under

    The properties of "Rubygem" are discussed; good flavour and adapted to dry winters
    Hortscience 42 6 2007 pp1482-1483

    883. Genetic polymorphism occurs in wild as well as domestic apples

    Using the RAPID marker technique polymorphism in the central Asian wild species M. sieversii and M. niedzwetzkyana was investigated
    Genet Resour Crop Evol 2008 55 pp171-181

    880. Some Indian apple varieties

    Five promising varieties are described. It is not clear from the article if these are selections from current breeding programs or are selections of long established varieties
    Indian Horticulture. September-October 2007 p29

    877. Its not just dwarfing

    A detailed account of the effects of dwarfing root stocks on tree performance, in particular on vegetative and reproductive growth
    Annals of Botany 100 2007 pp347-357


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  19. IDENTIFICATION

    Nothing to report


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  21. POLITICS

    1004. Under the spotlight

    The canned fruit industries of China, Spain and Greece are under investigation by the International Trade Commission to get information on the economics of the exporting process to compare this with the USA situation
    Good Fruit Grower September 2007 p23


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  23. BOOKS

    951. Gillman J. (2008) The Truth About Organic Gardening: Benefits, Drawbacks, and the Bottom Line


    Get from Timber Press mailto:newsletter@timberpress.com

    923. Crop Protection Handbook

    get from; www.meisterpro.com
    The 2008 edition of the definitive "bible" on the subject
    Reviewed in American/Western Fruit Grower January 2008 p10


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  25. MISCELLANEOUS

    1059. UKCIP news for October

    The usual interesting miscellany of climate related information
    stephanie.ferguson@ukcip.org.uk

    1051. Climate warming; an experimental approach to understanding.

    An Ecological Society of America session at their annual meeting in 2007, reported in New Phytologist, on the direct and indirect effects of temperature increase as assessed by experimental work, on possible ecosystem changes and on the future of experimental work in this field.
    New Phytologist 176 2007 pp739-742

    1031. The problem of replanting at the same site.

    Neither soil fumigation or compost amendment improved the performance of apple trees planted at the sites previously occupied by apple trees.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 8 2007 p15

    1003. Delving deep for functional relationships

    Molecular interactions in cells; how are these functional complexes preserved during evolution? Beyond the frontier now maybe but the stuff of understanding in the future.
    Trends in Biotechnology 25 10 2007

    1002. Micro propagated plants, their establishment and acclimatization

    An Acta Horticulturae Symposium on a topic of increasing importance
    Acta Horticulturae 748 August 2007.

    1000. A bruising problem

    Geraldine Warner investigates ways to alleviate the problem including monitoring pickers' methods
    Good Fruit Grower October 2007 pp16-17

    1001. How to judge maturity

    Degree days not the best indicator. Other methods are assessed
    Good Fruit Grower October 2007 P32-33

    999. Orcharding can seriously damage your hearing!

    Ways of reducing the occupational hazard of deafness are discussed
    Good Fruit Grower November 2007 pp28-29

    998. Problems of Arsenic contamination in apple trees

    Asomate spraying results in increased As concentrations in orchard soil and tree parts egg trunk and branches.
    Acta Horticulturae Sinica 34 5 2007 pp1117-1122

    997. Another intensive system for apples

    The cone system has been developed for use with cultivar –rootstock combinations that produce vigorous growth
    Plant Science 44 2007 pp371-375

    996. Apple juice and E.coli

    Addition of Cranberry juice can reduce E coli.
    Food Protection Trends 27 12 2007 pp952-956

    995. Pew centre November news letter

    Thin on the ground compared to December's offering. However Pew canter's President's views on recent climate change legislation could be revealing.
    ealert@pewclimate.org

    994. More on robots; are these just around the corner?

    Very sophisticated; Scientists in San Diego California are developing a two part system. Part A detects and maps the fruits and part B picks the located apples!
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp36-37

    993. Apple pickers Italian

    Oregon orchardist Robert McLennan "bought Italian" and the machines work a treat.
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 pp38-39

    992. Robots for the apple industry

    David Barrett of The College of Engineering Massachusetts, is developing amongst other devices, rapid pickers for apples and citrus
    Good Fruit Grower December 2007 p40

    991. Future trends in Plant Science

    Ian Woodward and Holly Slater chance their arms in suggesting what the science will be up to in the near future.
    New Phytologist 177 1

    990. Indoxacarb; not lethal to bees

    A Dutch study found that Indoxacarb applied in apple orchards at flowering time did not increase mortality compared to that in control orchards
    Pest Management Science 63 11 2007 pp1095-1099

    989. Food; An increasingly scarce commodity?

    Alastair Jameson paints a sombre and disturbing picture concerning future food supplies. Global warming is only one contributing factor.
    The Scotsman December 5 2007

    988. Heavy metals in apple fruits

    A Chinese study showed that peel accumulated more metal than pulp hence, peel your apples if heavy metal exposure is suspected!
    Food Science 73 26 6 2005 pp 1633

    987. "Flower Power " to the rescue

    This complex compound containing growth enhancing co-factors increases pollination and subsequently fruit quality.
    American/Western Fruit Grower November/December 2007 p67

    986. E coli in apple juice

    Propolis extract significantly controls E coli in apple juice a Turkish study indicates.
    Annals of Microbiology 57 3 2007 pp345-348

    985a. Phloridzin cleared

    Phloridzin, an apple derived compound thought to be harmful to health has been cleared as a result of work by University of Surrey's School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences .
    Proc Nutr Soc of London 66 2007 p98A

    984. More from the PEW Centre

    Pew Centre 2007: A Year in Review E-Newsletter
    A wide range of government and semi - government activities are noted
    ealert@pewclimate.org

    983. Nitrogen and leaf activity

    In a study involving Golden Delicious apple, leaf Nitrogen content affected chlorophyll content in turn affecting the all important photosynthesis.
    Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science 2007 pp283-289

    982. A glimpse into the future

    Dan Plath a Washington State grower has thoughts about the orchard of the future.
    Washington State Horticultural Association Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting

    981. Black box assessment of fruit quality

    Michigan State University is developing instruments to test for defects /damage.
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008 pp10-11

    980. Let there be light

    German work demonstrates how important light interception and even more important distribution down the canopy are in influence all components of yield. Read this if you want to know what is behind high density planting of spindle type trees.
    Good Fruit Grower January 15 2008 pp8-9

    979. Tunnels for apples

    A British Columbia grower is using them and likes the result. A special plastic "Ginegar" developed in Israel, is used with 85% light penetration. The diffuse light reduces sunburn and enhances colouration
    Good Fruit Grower January 13 2008 pp20-21

    978. Do it yourself experiments

    Ever felt the urge to find out for yourself? If so read this extremely helpful article on experimental design and avoid howlers that could make nonsense of your results.
    Good Fruit Grower January 2008 pp 29-30

    977. New trends and new problems in UK apple production

    The supermarkets are not especially helpful in promoting UK apples.
    Food Magazine 79 October –December 2007 pp3-5

    976. David versus Goliath on the shopping front

    Small shops have advantages denied to supermarkets and so some can survive.
    Food Magazine October/December 2007 79 pp6-7

    973. News from the cryopreservation front

    Recovery measured by chip budding success, varied widely between apple varieties, in a study at the Dresden Institute of Fruit Breeding Research.
    Adv Hort Sci 2007 21 4 pp251-254

    974. More on Cryopreservation

    Articles on a range of fruits and other plants subjected to the technique
    Adv Hort Sci 21 4 2007

    975. Food miles in relation to apples

    Distance alone does not tell the picture, growing methods/the energy usage situation in producer countries have also to be "factored in"! A useful and thought provoking article.
    Env Sci Pollut Res 14 5 2007 pp338-344

    972. Health effects of fruit and vegetables

    Wide coverage in an as usual excellent Acta Horticulturae symposium volume
    Acta Horticulturae No 744 2007

    971. Should pollinators be domestic or wild?

    An important point in a National Park. Observation over 2 years in Capitol Reef National Park indicated no clear cut overall pattern concerning frequency of visits. "wild visits" were higher than domestic ones on pears whilst "domestic" visits to apples were higher.
    Bio divers Conserv 16 2007 pp3083-3094

    959. Washington State Horticultural Association 102nd Annual Meeting Proceedings

    A wide ranging program with among other topics; organics, future of orchards, a future without organophosphate insecticides and the post harvest scene
    Washington State Horticultural Association 102nd Annual Meeting Proceedings

    957. The true costs of bio ethanol

    Rising food costs are a consequence of land being switched to fuel production – aided by in USA substantial subsidies.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 10 pp19-20

    958. Apple juice; its reputation enhanced

    Recent work indicates that amongst other beneficial compounds, it contains powerful antioxidants.
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 10 pp21-22

    956. Filtration not pasteurization in apple juice production.

    A membrane filtration system was developed that produced a high quality product.
    Separation and Purification Technology 57 2007 pp366-373

    954. To find out what the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said,

    See The Climate Change Report
    Contact; islandpress@island press.org

    955. What's in UKCIP for December 2007?

    The first of five reports has been launched; Subject? The observed climate of UK. The subsequent reports will cover the effects of climate change in UK
    From various web sites; try mailto:stephanie.ferguson@ukcip.org.uk

    953. How to bake a cider and apple cake

    Helen Pridd tells us how!
    The Guardian Saturday November 24 2007

    952. "Old nasties" may remain to haunt us

    "Inactive" residual lead and arsenic in orchard soils can be mobilised by applications of Ca ,P and Fe.
    Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38 2007 pp903 -919

    916. Remote sensing and agriculture

    J.C. Taylor provides an interesting, balanced and useful review of the current and potential uses of the technique including at the farm scale.
    Proceedings of the 10th European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL) Symposium Toulouse 1990 pp31-32

    915. Technicalities of making an apple-pear wine

    Various regimes were tried during the fermentation stage e.g. temperature, sugar content and the addition of NaHSO3.
    Liquor Making Science and Technology 6 2007, p103

    914. New Zealand project to improve the effectiveness of mixed government- private sector schemes

    The Hawke's Bay apple industry was chosen as a pilot study to find ways of sorting out "problem areas" e.g. scarcity of seasonal labour and concern that the industry might collapse.
    Journal of Workplace Learning 19 6 2007 pp359-376

    913. Detecting drought stress

    Using potted trees and an intensively managed orchard, reliable biochemical and physiological markers were isolated
    Scientia Horticulturae 113 2007 pp362 -369

    912. Robots in our orchards

    Cutting edge photography monitors growth and tree shape to aid pruning. Sensitive devices to mechanise fruit thinning and harvesting are just over the horizon
    Pennsylvania Fruit News 87 December/January 2008 pp11-12

    911. Dick Taverne on what ought to be

    Taking a curiously eccentric and simplistic view of the human condition, science and scientists, the article rubbishes the "organic" movement and lauds GM. Sadly neither activity probably matters, certainly not sufficiently to set one against the other. For as month by month global warming tightens its grip on our planet and month by month our politicians and ourselves choose not to bite the bullet of effective action, we live in a fool's paradise if we think that a few impeccably organically managed landscapes or a couple of wheat cultivars GM modified to enhance their salt tolerance will solve our problems!
    Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 83 1 2008 pp1-3

    899. FW:UKCIP news for February 2008

    Items include ; the draft Leeds Climate Change Strategy, A climate digest, the impact of flooding, a conference on biodiversity and many more.
    Web site; http//www.ukcip.org.uk

    898. Apples and Allergies

    Apple varieties differ in their allergenic properties. This study shows that Santana is the "blue eyed boy" in this respect with significantly lower effects than with other varieties including Golden Delicious and Topaz,
    Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 6 99 December 2007

    897. Trouble in the American juice industry

    A big producer cuts its plant; hopefully only temporarily, because of a shortage of apples but others in the industry have gone to the wall because of imports of Chinese concentrate
    Good Fruit Grower January 1 2008 p9

    896. Global warming, a look into the crystal ball?

    Melissa Hansen discusses the effects of the expected temperature rises on grape cultivation; different varieties and different areas of production.
    Good Fruit Grower January 1 2008 pp14-15

    895. More from Pew Centre on Global Climate Change;

    Forum on International Climate Action

    FW:September 2007 E-Newsletter
    ealert@pewclimate.org

    894. An EU report on climate change

    FW: special report: climate change. European Commission. Director General for Science, Research and Development
    ISBN/ISSN 1024-0802

    887. Two new(ish) but often opposing trends

    Costs and benefits of genetic engineering and organic agriculture. Sarah Ann Wheeler of the University of South Australia has produced a highly topical and important review. We should all read it!
    Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47 2007 pp1389- 1396

    884. Honey bees to the fore

    Several articles on a wide range of topics involving honey bees
    Pest Manag Sci 63 2007 pp1047 onwards